python – Keras,如何获得每一层的输出？

model = Sequential()
model.add(Convolution2D(nb_filters, kernel_size[0], kernel_size[1],
                        border_mode='valid',
                        input_shape=input_shape))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(Convolution2D(nb_filters, kernel_size[0], kernel_size[1]))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size))
# (16, 16, 32)
model.add(Convolution2D(nb_filters*2, kernel_size[0], kernel_size[1]))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(Convolution2D(nb_filters*2, kernel_size[0], kernel_size[1]))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=pool_size))
# (8, 8, 64) = (2048)
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(1024))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(2))  # define a binary classification problem
model.add(Activation('softmax'))

model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              optimizer='adadelta',
              metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x_train, y_train,
          batch_size=batch_size,
          nb_epoch=nb_epoch,
          verbose=1,
          validation_data=(x_test, y_test))

在这里,我想像TensorFlow一样获得每一层的输出,我该怎么做？

对于所有图层使用此：

from keras import backend as K

inp = model.input                                           # input placeholder
outputs = [layer.output for layer in model.layers]          # all layer outputs
functors = [K.function([inp, K.learning_phase()], [out]) for out in outputs]    # evaluation functions

# Testing
test = np.random.random(input_shape)[np.newaxis,...]
layer_outs = [func([test, 1.]) for func in functors]
print layer_outs

注意：要模拟Dropout,请在layer_outs中将learning_phase用作1.否则使用0.

编辑:(根据评论)

K.function创建theano / tensorflow张量函数,稍后用于从给定输入的符号图获得输出.

现在需要K.learning_phase()作为输入,因为像Dropout / Batchnomalization这样的许多Keras层依赖它来改变训练和测试时间的行为.

因此,如果您删除代码中的dropout图层,则只需使用：

from keras import backend as K

inp = model.input                                           # input placeholder
outputs = [layer.output for layer in model.layers]          # all layer outputs
functors = [K.function([inp], [out]) for out in outputs]    # evaluation functions

# Testing
test = np.random.random(input_shape)[np.newaxis,...]
layer_outs = [func([test]) for func in functors]
print layer_outs

编辑2：更优化

我刚刚意识到前面的答案不是针对每个功能评估进行优化的,数据将被转移CPU-> GPU内存以及需要对下层n-over进行张量计算.

相反,这是一个更好的方法,因为您不需要多个函数,但只有一个函数可以为您提供所有输出的列表：

from keras import backend as K

inp = model.input                                           # input placeholder
outputs = [layer.output for layer in model.layers]          # all layer outputs
functor = K.function([inp, K.learning_phase()], outputs )   # evaluation function

# Testing
test = np.random.random(input_shape)[np.newaxis,...]
layer_outs = functor([test, 1.])
print layer_outs